Sentot Joko Raharjo, Dewi Ratih Tirto Sari, Ernanin Dyah Wijayanti, Yanty Maryanty
Ginger Simplicia (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) contains various secondary metabolic active compounds, but their levels often vary due to differences in plant variety, harvesting, drying, and storage. Standardization is crucial to ensure consistent quality, efficacy, and safety. This study analyzed the chemical composition of active compounds in standardized ginger simplicia. Key quality parameters, including water- and ethanol-soluble extractives, moisture, ash content, microbial contamination, and phytochemical profiles, were evaluated. Extracts were prepared using water and n-hexane solvents, and volatile oils were analyzed by LC-MS and GC-MS. All parameters met established quality standards. Total phenolic content was 3.15 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g, flavonoid content 1.42 ± 0.46 mg QE/g, and total terpenoid content 38.82 ± 0.13 mg/g. Water extracts contained simple phenols (ellagic acid), flavonoid glycosides (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside), flavonoids (kaempferide), diarylheptanoids ([6]-shogaol), and sesquiterpenoids (alpha-zingiberene). n-hexane extracts were rich in diarylheptanoids ([6]-gingerol), monoterpenoids ((E)-3,7-dimethyl-3,6-octadienal), and steroids (beta-sitosterol). The volatile oil fraction was dominated by sesquiterpenoids (L-zingiberene) and monoterpenoids (geranial). These findings highlight the diverse bioactive compounds in standardized ginger simplicia, supporting its therapeutic potential and emphasizing the importance of rigorous standardization for quality assurance. © 2025 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Department of Pharmacy and Food Analyst, Polytechnic of Health of Putra Indonesia Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacy, Ibrahimy University, Situbondo, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacy, Polytechnic of Health of Putra Indonesia Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
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