Yan Watequlis Syaifudin, Triana Fatmawati, Amal Dermawan Udjir, Pramana Yoga Saputra, Nobuo Funabiki, Mustika Mentari, Chandrasena Setiadi, Alfiandi Aulia Rahmadani
Web applications have become immensely popular and widely utilized across various sectors due to their accessibility, scalability, and ability to provide real-time updates, driving the demand for skilled web programmers. Approximately 75.9% of websites that use server-side languages rely on PHP, a widely adopted and flexible scripting language that integrates seamlessly with databases, making it suitable for dynamic website development. As the complexity of web development increases, self-learning systems become essential for fostering independent programming skills through platforms such as learning management systems (LMS) and MOOCs; however, many of these tools still require human intervention for code verification and lack automated feedback mechanisms. This study proposes a self-learning framework that leverages test-driven development (TDD) to enhance PHP programming education. The framework enables students to participate in structured learning modules, receive real-time feedback, and refine their coding abilities. An evaluation with 150 first-year IT students in Indonesia demonstrated a 100% success rate in all modules, where success was defined as the ability of students to pass all test cases in the predefined test suites after multiple attempts. This highlights the framework’s effectiveness while also noting areas for improvement in content depth and instructional clarity. © 2025, Research Institute of Intelligent Computer Systems. All rights reserved.
Department of Information Technology, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Department of Electrical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia